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Instruments for Aquasonic


Instruments for Aquasonic



What if music evolved underwater? This is the question that led Denmark’s Between Music to create the Aquasonic project. They perform underwater in human-sized aquariums, playing in a sonic world that must be a lot like the first sounds we hear in the womb.

Their performances are haunting and gorgeously cinematic.

I designed and created the Rotacorda and the Crystallophone for them.





The Rotacorda


The Rotacorta was inspired by a traditional Byzantine hurdy-gurdy, but more musically flexible and with more expressive dimensions.

In Between Music's talented hands, it sounds deliciously Led Zeppelinish.





It has six stainless steel strings which can each be either a drone string or sound only when fingered. Using tactile fingering instead of keys and tangents enables both pitch bending and arbitrary chording. And adjustable bridges allow for subtle changes in intonation.

Nanna Playing Underwater





3D model
3D model
3D model
3D model
3D model
3D model

the first strings
the first strings
an early test with tuning
an early test with tuning
checking surface contact using electricity
checking surface contact using electricity

carefull spacing the frets
carefull spacing the frets
string lifters to choose drone strings
string lifters to choose drone strings
after the first underwater test
after the first underwater test


The finished instrument in its natural habitat.



rotacorda hero shot







The Crystallophone

The Crystallophone is inspired by Benjamin Franklin’s glass armonica, but modified to play and live underwater. Glass and fingers work together underwater like a violin bow and string, making them a natural choice for a world in which music evolved in the oceans





I carefully tuned each quartz bowl in a large tank before I shipped the instrument to Between Music in Denmark. I learned too late that they all interact with each other, the water, and their tank. So there is no such thing as a neutral environment in which to tune them. This make it feel impossible to tune them. But lead Crystallophonist Robert Karlsson discovered he could fine-tune them easily by adjsting the spacing between the bowls.

rystallophone hero shot





3D model for calculating dimensions
3D model for calculating dimensions
Custom mountings with 22 parts
Custom mountings with 22 parts
all of the bowls after tuning
all of the bowls after tuning


Here it is just before shipping, and before a lot of fine adjustment.



crystallophone oblique shot